The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex regulatory network that plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis. It comprises endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids), their synthesis and degradation enzymes, and specific receptors, particularly the CB1 and CB2 receptors. The CB1 receptor is predominantly located in the central nervous system and modulates, among other things, neuronal excitability, pain processing, appetite, and mood. The CB2 receptor is found predominantly in peripheral tissues, especially in the immune system, and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes.

Research on the ECS has gained considerable importance in recent years. One focus of this research is cannabidiol (CBD). Unlike Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), CBD does not have a direct agonistic effect on CB1 or CB2 receptors, but rather acts indirectly, for example by modulating enzymatic degradation processes of endocannabinoids or by interacting with other molecular target structures such as TRP channels and serotonin receptors.